Showing posts with label Appalachia. Show all posts
Showing posts with label Appalachia. Show all posts

11/13/14

De Nile Ain't Just a River


Photo of Tommy Davis lost his son Cory along with a brother and nephew at Upper Big Branch by Chris Lawrence to accompany his 4/2/14 story, "Upper Big Branch families want Blankenship prosecuted."

*

Former Massey CEO Don Blankenship is  "a "tireless advocate for mine safety."

In what alternative universe would folks believe such a description by his attorney William W. Taylor III. The science fiction version of the coal industry arrived today in response to today's federal indictment regarding the Upper Big Branch (UBB) explosion that killed 29 miners back in 2010. Blankenship's  record is so egregious (and personality so defiant) that West Virginia native and national journalist and editor Michael Tomasky called him "the coal industry's most gleefully Dickensian figure" back in 2009 and Jeff Goodell described him after UBB as the "Dark Lord of Coal Country" and "the industry's dirtiest CEO."

Ever since the disaster, there have been calls to prosecute Blankenship including a demonstration by some of the family members on the courthouse steps back on April 2, 2014.  Those relatives got some manner of satisfaction today, when U.S. District Attorney Booth Goodwin issued a statement  that Blankenship faces up to 31 years in prison if convicted.

Back in 2010, Pam Napper told the story of her son Joshua's premonition that a disaster  would kill him, but still said the explosion was a "freak accident."  After all the investigations and today's indictment, she has changed her viewpoint about Blankenship.

I think it's about time...He was a big part of this. He knew what was going on in that mine and continued to let it go. I hope he gets what he deserves. I am so excited. They aren't sad tears today. They're happy tears.
Goodwin announced early on that he would not prosecute Alpha Natural Resources (the coal company which bought Massey), saying the corporation was "not a life, it's not a being, it can't go to jail." At the same time, he stressed that he would continue to pursue the evidence. My first thought today, When I received his statement via email was Goodwin has made good on his word.

The charges

Blankenship stands accused of four charges: two counts of conspiracy (to violate mandatory federal mine safety and health standards and to impede federal mine safety officials), one count of  making false statements to the United States Securities and Exchange Commission  and another of committing securities fraud, the latter two stemming from Massey's "willful violation of safety laws" at  UBB:


Blankenship knew that UBB was committing hundreds of safety-law violations every year and that he had the ability to prevent most of the violations that UBB was committing. Yet he fostered and participated in an understanding that perpetuated UBB’s practice of routine safety violations, in order to produce more coal, avoid the costs of following safety laws, and make more money.
The denials are nothing new, just creative lawyering


Taylor's responsed in a similar vein, when David Hughart, president of a Massey Energy subsidiary, admitted he had conspired with the chief executive officer when he pled guilty to two conspiracy counts before a federal judge in Beckley and agreed to cooperate with prosecutors.
Blankenship "did not conspire with anybody to do anything illegal or improper....
To the contrary, Don took every step to make the mines under his responsibility safer....We are not concerned about Mr. Hughart's recollections. People often remember untrue things when they are attempting to reduce a possible prison sentence.
Hughart didn't mention Blankenship by name, but Massey only had one CEO and Taylor links to the news story that includes the denial at his website.

Taylor also    brags on that website that he is "well-known for his creative motions practice" and that he "[o]btained dismissal of all criminal charges against Dominique Strauss-Kahn, the former managing director of the International Monetary Fund (IMF), who was accused of sexual assault in a New York City hotel.

Blankenship would rewrite history

Taylor's denials are of  a piece with Blankenship's "documentary," Upper Big Branch, Never Again, claims UBB was caused by a "natural gas inundation," not his safety-law violations.  In July, Blankenship was complaining to Lee Fang about "reg-cecession...“a recession caused by excessive regulation.”

As Ken Ward, Jr. pointed out back in 2011, it's hard enough to go after coal companies and their executives.  Can you imagine the pillage in the alternate universe where we do away with such regulations as exist?  I'd prefer a universe where the regulations are strengthened and enforced.  How about you?  Goodwin's prosecution of Blankenship is at least one step in that direction.

8/24/14

52 Books in 52 Weeks

The book editor of the Roanoke Times pointed me to Sacramento blogger Robin McCormack's book challenge.  Reports are due every Sunday.

I was a member of an book group started by Harriet and Sig Davidson that met in Roanoke  from 1980.  Harriet died in March of 2007, but we continued using the same format of a book dinner until July of 2013.  When the format changed, I attended one last meeting on August 15, 2013. Since I've been limited to reading on my own for the last year and change, 52 Books in 52 Weeks challenge seemed like an opportunity.

I need to go back and check my records for the books I've read from January through July, which I will record here later,  but tonight I'm listing the books I've read so far in August.  Because I received review copies for the first three, I'll be posting separate book reviews, but I wanted to make an entry here, so I could link to the virtual reading group.

Henna House, Nomi Eve, Scribner, August 12, 2014, 320 pages (ISBN 978-1476740270)


August  16, Eve was one of the seven featured authors for the Doylestown Bookshop's  first annual August Authors' Fest. (Others were Robin Black,  Rachel Cantor, Pamela Erens, Elise Juska,Violet Kupersmith  and Maya Lang.)


Reimagining Camelot: Wheelwright, Kentucky in Memory and Folklore, Lisa R. Perry, Create Space, July 28, 2014, 206 pages (ISBN 978-1499607901)
I first "met" Lisa through the Appalachian Studies listserve on 12/27/10 when she was inquiring about Carl Sandburg and "Company Town" for her dissertation.  Turns out it wasn't one of his poems, but a song he sang, at least according to his daughter.

A Few Honest Words: The Kentucky Roots of Popular Music, Jason Howard with a foreword by Rodney Crowell, University of Kentucky Press, September 18, 2012, 272 pages, (ISBN 978-0-8131-3645-5)  The paperback is coming out in January, 2015.


Young Thurgood: The Making of a Supreme Court Justice, , Larry S. Gibson, 
Prometheus Books, December 4, 2012, 413 pages, (ISBN 978-1616145712)




8/23/14

Paul Corbit Brown: Rapt in Red, White and Blue - The Enthrallment of Appalachia


Image from the Facebook page for Mari-lynn Evans and Jordan Freeman's Blood on the Mountain. (I've asked for an attribution.)  Photographer Paul Corbit Brown wrote the following essay on August 7, in response to an August 4 story by Marcus Constantino in the Charleston Daily Mail, "Dirt airstrip in Logan tailor made for training Guardsmen for war." Alpha Natural Resources   has "reclaimed" a mountaintop removal site in Logan County WV by letting the Air National Guard use it as a  a 3500 foot  "unimproved, or unpaved runway" when pilots could earn their landing certifications. Alpha acquired Don Blackenship's Massey Energy in 2011 following the Upper Big Branch  mine disaster in Montcoal.

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Wrapping it in red, white and blue doesn’t change its color-coal will always be black. Likewise, Patriotism isn’t simply an idea wrapped in red, white and blue. Patriotism, is not sacrificing a poor segment of our citizenry for the comfort and ease of the rest of the country. Patriotism is not the construction of a military complex on an MTR site. More than 500 mountains have been leveled by mining. Are we really to believe the only suitable location for an airstrip is the one that strips us of our history, our culture and our contributions to humanity in order to profit a handful of individuals?

Our heritage is not so much what we did, but how we did it. It wasn’t that we were coal miners as much as we were hard workers. It wouldn’t have mattered what the industry was, all that really mattered was that we were loving and we took care of our own, that we were compassionate and always lent a helping hand, that we were resilient, that we were, and still are, survivors.

The workers who mined these mountains all those years ago could have just as readily been ranchers or sawyers or stone masons. The job title was merely a byproduct of our environment. Most folks mined coal simply because they needed a job. I have met countless folks who feel the same today, “Give me another job and I’ll crawl straight out of that black hole and never look back,” they say. I know many who have done so.

It’s disingenuous to question our integrity, given our true character and heritage, if we now understand that mining is killing us far more than it supposedly helps us. There is no altruism in "giving" us mining jobs. We don’t accept them because we have a need to live in the past, we simply want to live.

The coal industry doesn’t exist as a mechanism to make jobs, it exists to create a profit. It makes this profit largely by externalizing its costs. The primary cost being the detriments to the health of the workers as well as those who live in the communities where coal is mined, processed, and/or burned. The secondary cost being the toll put on the environment which amounts to robbing subsequent generations.

When the true history of West Virginia is finally written, it's pages will be printed in blood. It will be the blood of the men and women who took up arms and laid down their lives at the battle of Blair Mountain. It will be the blood of the many lives that were carelessly taken by the lawless and money-grubbing attitudes of coal operators like Don Blankenship. It will be the blood of the children born with birth defects as a result the toxins in our water. It will be the blood of the 4000 people who die early deaths every year as a result of the poisons the extraction industries pump into our communities. That same blood is already upon the hands of the politicians who uphold these processes and who continue to ignore our pleas for help. Make no mistake, the day has already arrived in West Virginia, there is no clean water to wash that blood from their filthy hands.


True patriotism, as it concerns our nation’s need for energy, would be for each and every citizen to roll up their sleeves and dramatically conserve energy while working to create energy sources and economies with liberty and justice for all. That’s the way a nation at war becomes victorious. And we are at war. It is not a war on coal, nor is it a war on terrorism. We are at war with ourselves and our horribly skewed sense of what it means to be a great People and we are at war with a terribly flawed idea of what freedom really is. We do not own freedom through the enslavement of others. We do not bask in freedom by surrendering to fear and giving up the personal liberties that our forebears paid for in blood- blood that is ironically symbolized by the red stripes on the American flag. We have confused the toll of funeral bells for the ringing of freedom. We do not let freedom ring for all with the knell of funeral bells for Appalachia, her people, her waters or her air. In Appalachia, Patriotism and Profit couldn’t be any more diametrically opposed. Appallingly, the two are very often misconstrued as one-and-the-same, and as the Truth.

Paul Corbit Brown
President/Chair
Keeper of The Mountains Foundation




Photo by Bob Wojcieszak for the Daily Mail.


7/17/14

Photographer Roger May: Broadening the View of Appalachia



Map from Appalachian Regional Commission via Roger May.

Roger May's new collaboration with other photographers and writers Looking at Appalachia: 50 Years After the War on Poverty.  His definition for the project is the area funded by the Appalachian Regional Commission.  I might quibble with that, as it leaves out Roanoke and includes some areas that aren't exactly in our mountains and valleys.  As Rudy Abramson and my friend Jean Haskell write in their introduction to , the Encyclopedia of Appalachia,

At the beginning, as ever since, the federal map reflected the exigencies of congressional politics as much as economic need, geography, or culture. Many inhabitants of Pennsylvania and New York were surprised to learn that the government in Washington considered them Appalachians, and some were opposed to the very idea. Newly elected New York Senator Robert F. Kennedy, who had taken up a deep interest in the region during his brother’s 1960 presidential campaign, led the effort to make the southern tier counties of his adopted state part of the federal region. Similarly, Mississippi was included largely due to the influence of Representative Jamie Whitten, a powerful member of the House Appropriations Committee. On the other hand, a number of Virginia mountain counties that were Appalachian by any standard except political were left out because their representative, Richard H. Poff, was opposed to the 1965 bill.

But maybe Roger's geographical definition makes sense in that his reference point is the War on Poverty.  He writes in the overview,

In 1964, President Lyndon Johnson declared unconditional war on poverty in the United States and nowhere was this war more photographed than Appalachia. A quick Google image search of “war on poverty” will yield several photographs of President Johnson on the porch of the Fletcher family home in Inez, Kentucky. Many of the War on Poverty photographs, whether intentional or not, became a visual definition of Appalachia. These images have often drawn from the poorest areas and people to gain support for the intended cause, but unjustly came to represent the entirety of the region while simultaneously perpetuating stereotypes. In an attempt to explore the diversity of Appalachia and establish a visual counter point, this project will look at Appalachia fifty years after the declaration of the War on Poverty. Drawing from a diverse population of photographers [and now writers] within the region, this new crowdsourced image archive will serve as a reference that is defined by its people as opposed to political legislation. 
Then again, "as defined by its people" is hardly as defined by ARC funding.

I'm happy to report that Roger has now added a written component:  Notes on Appalachia, to include us writers of prose and poetry, as well as storytellers.




...[W]e’re looking for your notes, thoughts, stories, hopes, dreams, interviews, and more about your section of Appalachia. Due to the incredible generosity of the folks at Field Notes, we have 13 sets of their “County Fair” edition notebooks that we’re itching to get into your hands! Your narratives will provide a rich context to the visual representations of Appalachia that have been submitted to the project. Here's the scoop – one notebook will be mailed to a point of contact in each of the project’s 13 states: Alabama, Georgia, Kentucky, Maryland, Mississippi, New York, North Carolina, Ohio, Pennsylvania, South Carolina, Tennessee, Virginia, and West Virginia. From there, that person will initiate sharing the memo book throughout the counties in their respective state. When it’s full, the memo books will be returned to Roger May...and new ones will be dispatched....The memo books will be scanned and shared on the project site... and will possibly be included in a print exhibition of the project photographs beginning next year. 


And for my fellow Virginians, here are the photograph from our state as of this evening:

Lauren Pound (of Athens, Ohio) Richlands, Tazewell County
Chris Jackson (of the Eastern Panhandle of WV), Covington, Alleghany County
Joseph Oliver Shay (location not listed) Buena Vista and Glasgow, Rockbridge County
Katie Currid (Staunton, VA) McDowell, Highland County
Jeremy M. Lange (Durham, NC) Patrick County
Pat Jarrett  (Shenandoah Valley of VA)  Lexington, Virginia

I know I'll be writing my state contact (Salvador Barajas) and I hope you will, too.  Here's the list of state contacts (or if one is not listed, consider filling the position.  If you have questions write Roger.  His email is also at that link.

5/30/14

Poem: Coal Strike


May 30, I'll be seeing the Participant Media film Cesar Chavez at the Lyric, which reminded me of this poem after I drove down to St. Paul in Wise County, Virginia on July 4, 1989 with other staff members of the New River Free Press.  Both Chavez and Jessie Jackson spoke that day.  The next day, U.S. District Judge Glen Williams in Abingdon would  fine the United Mine Workers and two union officers an additional $720,000 for violating his ban on forming convoys to slow down trucks delivering coal.  

I compiled the illustration from a photograph in the article on the strike which appeared in the March-April 2009 issue of the United Mine Worker's Journal and a photo from the archives of the United Farm Workers.  I first published this post 5/30/14 at 6:13 pm and updated it on 8/13/14, to incorporate the photo at the end of the poem and the following explaination, which I had first drafted earlier, but never posted.

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Before striking April 5, 1989, the United Mine Workers
toiled sixteen months without a contract
after Pittston Corporation cut medical
benefits to families and pensioners. 
Pittston faults the union for blocking
prosperity in the region.


COAL STRIKE

Independence Day 1989
drizzles its way into
St. Paul, Virginia.
Miners, wives, kids,
supporters
in this mucked field
all decked out in camo
savor watermelon
handed off the back of pick-ups.
Beneath a banner by
New Jersey painters,
Caesar Chavez
farmworker organizer
come all the way from California
bolsters the Pittston strikers:

Non-violence will draw
others to your cause...
The judge cannot
put the whole world in jail.

                    *

West Virginia.
It was Pittston
who dumped slag in Buffalo Creek,
clogged the Middle Fork
starting back in '57.
Five underground mines,
two augers, one strip,
yielded up a thousand
tons of gob a day
black as the coal it came from
crisp as cinders till the rain
slushed it to an oily batter.
Wet or dry, gob steamed,
along with mine posts,
crib blocks, roof bolts
dumped sixty feet high
and behind it, the black lake.

February 1972.
Those days were wet days,
rain and flurries of snow.
And on the 26th
when the dam of uncompacted slag
began to seep
and the sheriff
sent two deputies around
to get the people up the hillsides
the company sent the lawmen home
and issued no warnings.

One minute before eight
black water roared through,
scraping a million tons of refuse,
fusing it to rolling lava,
hurling mushroom clouds of mud
hundreds of feet high
to land on Saunders
destroying the power line.

The one surviving clock
served by that line
abruptly stopped.
8:01 a.m..

                    *

This strike's
gone on a hundred days.
Miners, wives,
pensioners black-lunged
and crush-legged,
preachers from Roanoke
lie down in the roads,
slow their cars
to block the coal trucks.
The judge jails folks for lying down,
for driving slow.

Pittston prints full-page ads
boasting its generous spirit
its love of these mountains.

                    *

Think of that black lake
beginning to seep through the slag.
It is the voices that haunt you.

Someone near Saunders:
I was about 150 foot above
where the water come out.
It was burning there.
Water hit fire,
it shot right through the air
200 foot high, right through the air.
There was dust and black smoke
and when we looked again
the water was down
the smoke cleared
and we couldn't see nary a thing
not a living thing
nothing standing.

Or at Kistler
all the way down
by the mouth of the creek:
Have you ever pushed
a rubber ball
down in the water
and turned it loose?
The house jumped plumb up like that.
I cannot explain that water
as being water.
It looked like a black ocean
black as coal dust
where the ground had opened up.
If you had thrown a milk carton
out in the river that's the way
the homes skimmed along.
The water was a thing alive
coming after us to get us all.
I still think of it as a live thing.

Or at Amherst:
The whole town just raised
started moving down the hollow,
just like it was sitting.
I seen the first house hit the bridge
and then the second
then the third and fourth
and then a mobile home
just vanished underneath.
There was three women in it
they was standing
in a big picture window
and their mouths was moving.
I gathered they was hollering.

                    *

No warning issued.
Miles of track
coiled to barbed wire.
125 corpses
flood-lynched from tree limbs,
buried in silt piles,
washed up limp on the creek banks.
To this day
seven have not been found.
And three children's bodies
of identical size
too battered to tell apart
lie in anonymous graves.
The story is
that they were headless.

                    *

And when a tire is flatted,
a windshield broken out,
the judge calls this violence.





The above photograph is uncredited, but maybe Dave Peyton, who reported on the flood for the Herald Dispatch, along with the legendary Jack Hardin, could tell me who the photographer was.

Peyton is now with the Charleston Daily Mail, but he talks about going down to Man,  at the mouth of Buffalo Creek in Logan County, with Hardin here, in Bob Weaver's Hur Herald.  (h/t to Rachel) Weaver's account published his own account there last year, when he accompanied Peyton to the 4oth anniversary of  of the flood, having himself been on the scene in 1972, having left his funeral home in Spencer, WV to join his National Guard unit in Man.

In 1989, I started writing the poem you'll find above, juxtaposes the accounts recorded by Kai Erickson from survivors of Pittston's disastrous flood  with my observations of the coal strike against the company seventeen years later, when it canceled health insurance to benefits for approximately 1,500 retirees, widows, and disabled miners and refused to contribute to the benefit trust for miners who retired before 1974. The infamous Massey Energy latter bought out Pittston.

I had traveled down to the strike on July 4 that year with friends who worked on the late, great New River Free Press. (You can read about the end of the the Free Press here, but there are factual errors because the reporter took the word of those he interviewed.

As an all-volunteer advocacy journalism project, we believed that we were not constrained from activism, so long as our writing was fact-based and we disclosed our bias, which we did in a mission statement (which I don't have handy and have asked our one-time archivist if he can help me out.)  John Enangonio wrote about the strike for the paper, but it's not available online.


Erik Loomis who teaches history at the University of Rhode Island (email, website) wrote about the strike for the Lawyers, Guns and Money blog.

10/30/12

Paul Corbit Brown Challenges European Bankers on Coal: "Stop financing nightmares...begin financing dreams"


From Paul Corbit Brown's (bio) series of eighteen photographs, "Troubled Water" from his larger project, Toxic Water, Poisoned People: When Mountains Fall To Pay For Coal:  from left to right:

Photo 2 of 18: Acid mine drainage, July 27, 2008
Photo 3 of 16: Maria Lambert at  home in Prenter WV shows jars of water that came from her kitchen sink. Behind her are the jugs of water she filled and carried everyday from elsewhere so she would have water for her family to cook with and to drink.
Photo 6 of 18 (chosen by Blue Earth for its photograph of the day on September 17, 2012): Owen Stout with water from his family’s well in Cabin Creek, WV.

At 4:30 p.m., coming back from a late lunch, I noticed that my friend Paul Corbit had sent out--at 3:11 p.m. from Frankfurt, Germany via his cell phone--a status update on Facebook that he was "with" me and nine others speaking to a meeting of bankers from Germany, Austria and Switzerland, sharing why they should "no longer finance coal in general, and Mountaintop Removal in particular."

Through the magic of the internet, I started a conversation with him at  4:35 p.m.and by 5:12 he'd given his permission to share these notes from his talk and approved the use of the above copyrighted images.


*

Ladies and gentleman, I would first like to thank you for having me here. I am honored to have the opportunity to speak to you about this incredibly important situation. Indeed, it is so important that I have spent a week of my life to travel thousands of miles, knowing I will have only 15 minutes to speak to you. I hope I am up to the task. I regret that I cannot address you directly, in your mother tongue, for we do not share that. But I do hope to reach you as a fellow human being.

I will not speak of the images behind me directly, but rather, I will let them play silently in the background as a witness to the irreversible devastation of my home in Appalachia, the second most bio-diverse ecosystem in the world, and the poverty, sickness, suffering and death of many people at the hands of the coal industry.

Martin Luther King said, " We must all learn to live together as brothers and sisters or we will all perish together as fools. We are tied together in the single garment of destiny, caught in an inescapable network of mutuality. And whatever affects one directly affects all indirectly."

First I would like to propose a toast

First, I would like to propose a toast. I ask each of you to raise your glass with me and drink to our shared destiny. I know it isn't normal to toast with water, but in this case, I think it is highly appropriate because water is one of the few things that all humans, in fact all life on this planet, share. Our planet is 2/3 water and our bodies are more than 3/4 water. And so it is true that whatever any one of us does to the water on this planet, we do to everyone and to all life on earth.

The bottle of water I am holding is water that came from a well in a community near where I live. You would be rightfully disturbed if I told you that you had just shared some of this water, unaware, just like the people in so many communities where coal is mined.

Don't worry, even if I had shared this water with you, it's doubtful only one sip of it would harm you very much. But unfortunately, my people have had more than one drink. It is their daily reality. It is the water they use to drink, to cook with, and to bathe themselves and their children.

I will pass this water around so you can see it up close and you can know what it feels like to hold death in your hands. You are even free to smell it, if you dare. I put it in a water bottle from here because it is symbolic of the very real fact that financing this industry anywhere, makes a problem for you here, because it makes your bank complicit in the system that creates this poison water.

The effluents of mining, preparing and burning coal include mercury, chromium, selenium, cadmium, lead and arsenic- just to name a few. Heavy metal poisoning is forever. Once it is ingested into your body, it stays there and, like radiation, it accumulates until it kills you. And even worse, large amounts of this poisoning have begun to cause genetic mutations in aquatic wildlife near my home. These mutations will eventually work their way up the food chain to us, humans, who on our current course of environmental devastation, won't stay at the top of this chain for long.

The good news is that we really needn't worry about saving the earth.

The good news is that we really needn't worry about saving the earth. She has been through several mass extinctions already. We aren't really destroying the earth, we are simply and rapidly making it unfit for human life. This is proven by the fact that 4,000 additional Appalachians die each year in the areas where coal is mined and burned.

Death to my people doesn't come quickly from the barrel of a gun. It comes slowly from the simple act of drawing water from the kitchen faucet. There is no difference in killing me slow or killing me fast.

Coal in general, and mountaintop removal mining in particular, is far more than an environmental disaster. The production and use of coal is an egregious human rights violation of epic proportions. It is a living, waking nightmare.

Why should you not finance mountaintop removal mining?

The question in front of us today is, "Why should you not finance mountaintop removal mining?" If, after hearing me talk and seeing the photographs of the way my communities and our ecosystem are being destroyed, isn't enough, I will give you another reason. You represent the banking industry. Banks exist for one very simply reason: to make a profit.

The science has finally arrived to prove what we in Appalachia have always known: coal is killing us. We now have more than 22 peer reviewed scientific studies that show how coal is irreversibly destroying our water and our health. These studies prove that people who live in areas around MTR are far more likely to suffer from heart attacks, cancer, respiratory diseases and are even more likely to have children with birth defects.

The science is here and the lawyers will soon follow.

The science is here and the lawyers will soon follow. Several large cases have already been heard in the courts, with tens of millions of dollars being rewarded to those who have suffered because of coal. This is only the beginning. The courts may finally force the coal industry to pay the true cost of its profits, the human cost- which until now, had been an externalized and hidden cost.

Many in the coal industry point to the jobs that coal creates. "Look at all we've given you," they say.

Yes. I see all you've given me every day.

And I answer," Yes. I see all you've given me every day. I watch my father gasping for his next breath, just like my grandfathers did. All of them victims of Black Lung disease. I see children dying of brain cancer and my own mother suffering through two fights with cancer. I see the communities left in ravages after you make your profit and leave. I see the five counties in my state that produce the most coal are among the poorest counties in my entire country. And I see you pointing to the food you have laid upon our tables, for a time, as being merely a distraction to the fact that you have poisoned the vessel from which we drink."

We should not need to wait for government legislation in order to do the right thing

As human beings with a hearts and minds, we should not need to wait for government legislation in order to do the right thing. Financing coal is exactly and simply financing the poisoning of Appalachian people and our planet. Why do you need to wait for the government to tell you it's wrong?

Coal is a barbaric and outdated method for producing heat and energy

Coal is a barbaric and outdated method for producing heat and energy. There are ways as yet unimagined to do all that coal has done and more. Rather than mining our mountains and destroying our water, invest your best money and efforts in mining the human imagination and the untapped potential for human creativity. The energy in coal pales in comparison to the unlimited and inexhaustible fire of the human spirit.

A good investment should be one for the future, rather than one of the past.

Imagine investing in chariots and stagecoaches when the automobile was first introduced

In hindsight, can you imagine investing in chariots and stagecoaches when the automobile was first introduced?

If you can't do it for my children, do it for your own. There is only one water and one air on this planet and, ultimately, it is shared by all of us. Would you want your children to drink this water and breath this toxic air? How would you feel to know that someone in another country was actually realizing a profit from the suffering and reduced life spans in your own community? I will not sit idly by, offering my life as a mechanism of sacrifice for anyone's profits.

Stop financing coal.

Dream won't manifest unless you, the bankers, finance it

In closing, I would like to share this:

Folks often confuse what they do, with who they are. Many people regard bankers as the greedy ones who only care about money and their profit. But I propose a different view, I suggest we look at bankers as those who sit at the right hand of the Architects of the Future. The architect can dream it, but the dream won't manifest unless you, the bankers, finance it.

From this perspective, the future truly lies in your hands. What will you choose to make of it? You can choose who you are by what you do. My father, for instance, was not merely a coal miner. He was a man who chose to work hard, at any peril to himself, to provide for his family and see to our wellbeing. He and my mother always chose to give of themselves for what was best for us and our community. The world is a better place due to the kindness, devotion and generosity they shared.

Although I don't know you, I have a great belief in each of you. I know each and every one of you has the capacity to change our world for the better. As I leave you, I will offer you this choice:
At the end of your lives, as you say to your children of the world you are leaving them, "I built this world and I now leave it to you", will you look back with pride or will you look back in regret?

The quality of our future will be measured in much more important terms than simply a financial return on our investments. It will be measured more by our ability to live peacefully with one another and in harmony with the planet that gives us life.

As bankers, I challenge you to stop financing nightmares and begin financing Dreams.

9/10/12

Larry Gibson 1946-2012: Paul Corbit Brown Remembers


Photo by Paul Corbit Brown of him and Larry Gibson at the week-long June 2011 March on Blair Mountain, c. 2011. 

This is a guest post written by my friend photographer and activist Paul Corbit Brown, with the selection of the photos, some editing and arranging by me. The cliche is that a picture is worth a thousand words, and Paul Corbit's are worth many more.

  • The first section explains his thoughts on the above picture he took of of the Larry and him, and memories it evokes. (I had how he had caught the image, thinking maybe he used a shutter delay, a cable release or some other piece of camera gear.)
  • The second section tells about the day he got to spend with Larry on Thursday, September 6 at Larry's home on Kayford Mountain. 
  • The next three sections intersperse Paul Corbit's email to Jeff Biggers (published in the latter's eulogy) with what Paul Corbit wrote about "In the days to come..."
  • Next is a short video  Paul Corbit took of Larry September 6 (which I hope to be able to embed at a later date.) 
  • The last four sections are pair photographs Paul Cobit took of Larry at his home on Kayford Mountain with Paul thoughts on each.  The first of these was taken in May, the others on September 6.
All words, photographs and the video are used by permission of Paul Corbit Brown. I first published this  September 10, 2012 at 2:15. Our conversation about the above photo took place September 12, 2012.  The most recent revision was on September 17, 2012 at 9:26 am.  Other posts in this series Larry Gibson 1946-2012 are indexed here.

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How I took the top picture and what it means

I just hold the camera at arm's length and press the shutter with my thumb. It's not the best photo, but I cherish it...This photo was taken at the March on Blair. When I do these kinds of photos, I usually just hold the camera straight out in front of me, but there were so many people there, I thought shooting from above would isolate the two of us. I remember thinking that as a photographer, I have pictures of everyone else and everyone else together, but I'm usually not in the pictures. I wanted to have a picture to remember being with Larry on this march because I felt like it was a really important event and his friendship has always meant so much to me.

Larry and I had a lifetime of conversations on Thursday

Somewhere in the middle of a very serious discussion, he suddenly stopped, punched me lightly in the arm to make sure I was listening, and he said, "Paul Corbit, you know what the real problem is? I'll tell you. I'm short and good looking' and you're just too damn tall. And there's really nothing we can do to fix it." Larry always knew how important humor is to friendship and to keeping someone's attention.

Looking at this photo of us together on the March for Blair will always remind me of him saying that even though the photo was made over a year ago.

To say... [Larry] had an enormous impact on all of our lives wouldn't be enough.

To say he was a hero wouldn't be enough. To say he changed our lives wouldn't be enough. To say has was deeply loved and will be missed wouldn't be enough. But let me tell you what was on his heart just days ago.

He stressed that this fight was never about him or his mountain alone. It was, and is, about all of us and our shared future. It is about the thousands of young people that he called his kids. It is about those not yet born.

It wasn't about Larry Gibson and a mountain. He wanted to be a voice for all people and the mountains and homes they love. He wanted to speak for Justice and to inspire those too frightened to speak. And even those who called Larry an enemy and wished to do him harm, he spoke of them, still, as "His People."

In the days to come...

It is only natural and appropriate that we will ask ourselves, “What would Larry want?” or “How can I best honor Larry?” There are a multitude of answers to these questions, but I believe one answer will always come to the top: We must Speak. Each of us must find our voice and we must Speak, Speak, Speak. We must rise up with a mighty voice and we must Speak until our truth has been heard. We must speak from the tops of our mountains and through the corridors of power. We must speak and never let up until our Truth has been made manifest and Justice has been firmly established in our homes, our communities, our air and our water. This is the greatest honor we can bestow upon Larry, Judy and all those that have come to illuminate Truth and shine a light upon our path.

 Rest in Peace, Larry

It was only appropriate that you should be on your mountain when you left this world. You can rest assured that we who you left behind will not rest until we finish the work you so passionately and courageously began.

Video: Larry Gibson, Almost Heaven

Here's the link on facebook until an open source link is available.
Now, I'm not in a big hurry to leave here, but I'm pretty close to heaven when I'm here.
*

 Larry with "Dog"



I made this photo on May 26, 2012. I had spent the day working on Larry's solar panels. I remember asking him if I could do a photo of him before I left. "Sure," he answered, "What do you want to do?" I asked him if he minded doing one with him beside "Dog's" grave. He looked at me a bit questioningly, but went along with it. I only made a couple of images then we returned to his porch to say our farewells for the day. He was a bit quiet and I was worried I had made some horrible mistake in asking for this. At some point, his eyes filled with tears and he said, "Thanks for doing that. Nobody ever asked to take a picture of me with him since I buried him. I really miss that dog. We went through a lot together. He was a good friend." Thank you.

A man and an icon


Larry asked me to talk with him about his idea of going to the UMWA rally against Patriot Coal on the following Tuesday in Charleston, WV. It was a long conversation, but the essence of it was that Larry was well aware that he had become an icon with his green shirt and cap, and he was aware that this icon was often an inflammatory presence with folks in the coal industry. While Larry was always opposed to coal, not just MTR, he was NEVER opposed to coal miners.

Larry was truly a man of the people and he always wanted to speak for what was fair and just. A lot of folks could (or would) never understand this about him. He always believed the people of Appalachia deserved better than merely the choice between poverty or destroying Appalachia with the devastation wrought by the extractive industries. He felt that he should go to the rally but he would, for the first time, not show up in his green shirt. He said he had made a promise to himself that he would not, under any circumstances, talk about MTR or mining in general. He wanted to be there in support of the workers, people who he believed were his own (and he was theirs).

He felt Patriot Coal was preparing to cheat the miners and he was firmly convinced that if they succeed in stripping the miners of their health cards and pensions, a domino effect would ensue through other industries- I think he's right. And so the photo is significant because he was prepared to step out as Larry Gibson, a man FOR the people, rather than merely the anti-MTR icon he had become. He never wavered in his conviction that MTR and coal in general should be abolished, he simply didn't want the politics of that to interfere with his concern that the miners deserved to be treated fairly by the company that had profited so greatly from their lives and the health they sacrificed for their jobs.

Hell's Gate Reprise


This photo has been made so many times, by so many photographers and visitors that it's quite possible a penny for each photo made might be combined to actually buy Kayford Mountain. But nonetheless, it was a ritual, a meditation, for many of us when we visited. It's both fascinating and chilling to see the changes in the landscape behind him over the years. They will spray their hydro seed and paint it green to cover their greed, but that won't replace the mountain, nor will it replace the ecosystem that existed there before the mining began. A few kinds of grass and a few scrubby trees won't replace a real hardwood forest and the nearly 1,000 species of plants that existed on that mountain before it was destroyed. I once commented to him that they were pulling out the threads in the fabric of Life and I asked him how long it would be before they realized we are all wearing the "Emperor's New Clothes." He looked at me for a moment and answered, "Probably not until it's too late, but we have to keep trying."

Larry on top, with clouds


Seeing him here, if one doesn't know what is really in front of him, it's easy to imagine he's at the top of the mountain. It's beautiful and haunting because once you learn what's on the other side, you begin to look suspiciously at the presumed "top" of every other mountain. I wonder how Martin Luther King's speech would have been different if he had been to the top of this mountain and seen the other side...

These were the last photographs I made of Larry Gibson as he walked upon this earth.

I am certain there will be more [on this post]. Words usually come to me in the middle of the night and I have learned to roll over and grab something to jot them down, otherwise they evanesce with the morning light. In the meantime I hope these photographs will help us remember him, his life, his message, his friendship, his courage, his passion and everything we shared together.

I know we all wish we could have just one more walk on the mountain with him.

6/9/12

Nat Reese, ¡Presente!


Photo of Nat Reese from the website of  West Virginia Culture Fest, held at the  Appalachian South Folklife Center in Pipestem. As you'll see in the comments the photographer was John Maeder, who took it in Nat's living room in Princeton, WV.

This post was first published on June 9 at  6:45 p.m. and then updated as additional material became available.  The current version was published at 4:05 p.m. June 15. H/T to  Mike Gangloff and Dana Stoker Cochran for helping me hunt down recordings.  And to fellow poet Edison Jennings, whose new-found enthusiasm for Reese spurred me to continue writing on this post.  Also to Jon Lohman and John Maeder for their encouragement.

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The late West Virginia blues and gospel wonder Nat Reese had Virginia connections

Nathaniel H. ‘‘Nat’’ Reese  was born March 4, 1924 up the road from here in Salem, Virginia on Water Street --where his father worked for the coal and ice company in Roanoke and did custodial work at Hollins College. Reese maintained his musical links with our area, playing often in Roanoke (where he was often the highlight of the Blue Ridge Blues Society's Blues and BBQ Festival), Blacksburg (where he played with Doc Herling at the Cellar) and Floyd (at FloydFest and the Pine Tavern.)

Now comes  sad news of his death on June 8 from Jon Lohman, director of the Virginia Folklife Program (VFP) (email) of the Virginia Foundation of the Humanities.

Seaver Funeral Home in Princeton says the service there will be open to the public, with Reverend Barry Early of Harvest Outreach Center, Princeton, officiating:

11 a.m., Saturday June 16
Seaver Funeral Home
1507 North Walker Street
Princeton, WV

Memory book

Goldenseal Magazine,which has posted wonderful photos on fb.  One of my favorites shows Reese with his grandson in 1987 taken by Mike Keller, used courtesy of Goldenseal.


Virginia Folklife Program and Reese

Reese's most recent recording, "Save a Seat for Me, " is still available as a CD from VFP. John Maeder (email, fb portrait business page) wrote the  bio for the CD and  Jon Lohman included Reese's explanation for each song.  I've included the explanations with each videos I was able to locate, which you'll find below. I've got the track list at the bottom of this post.


In "A Man and a Half," Lohman writes,
One of his favorite lines to sing was “If you make it into Glory before I do, save a seat for me.”

I have no doubt they did.
So, in Reese's memory, here's a video from the Virginia Folklife Program of Reese singing the title cut  from the VFP CD.
 
"Save a seat for me"
 

On the liner notes for the CD Reese says,
That was from Archie Brownlee with the Five Blind Boys out of Mississippi, not the ones from Alabama. He died in 1955 in New Orleans, Louisiana. Archie’s real name was Wickerson, I mean his blood people. He was raised by the Brownlee family in Shady Side, Michigan. Archie would come up to Detroit every year to sing in that quartet contest downtown. Archie would come over to the house three and four days a week and just set around and play music and sing. He was sitting there singing The Lord’s Prayer and he said, “I got a good song!” He sung it over and over again. One of his buddies was a baritone. So Archie started singing it again and he started singing that baritone part and I started singing tenor and playing the guitar. Then it began to kind of sink in a little bit. I began to like it. Then I fell in love with it. And that’s how I learned it, singing it with Archie in my house. That was on Mullet Street in Mt. Clemens, back in 1955.
"Too Many Bad Habits"

Lest you think Reese had only heaven on his mind, Reese's repertoire included this  bawdy song by Johnny Nicholas, who owns and runs a café outside of Fredericksburg, Texas.  Here's a video of Reese performing the number at the 2010 Floydfest:


Reese, on the liner notes explains that he only sings this song in adult company:
I was awful cautious never to use profanity in my songs. I don’t use it. I do a family show, and you can bring your children to my show. Too Many Bad Habits is as far as I ever bend over with a song.  And a lot of times I won’t do it until the last part of my concert, and if I see a child in the audience I won’t sing it.I know that might make me too of a high-handed of a guy, but that’s just the way I am. And I won’t change on that.
Here's a 9 1/2 minute video of a version I like even better of Reese performing "Too Many Bad Habbits"  at the Blues and BBQ Fest on July 21 2007  It come via Hoppy Vaughan (email, website)  who is playing with Reese,  my friend from New River Free Press Days, Rich Rittenhouse of  Chicken Wings and Gravy (website) and Red Ricks. Rich posted an short excerpt at YouTube here.

And video of the same song from 2011, with an introduction from Jon Lohman.  Reese is playing solo in a a bit more melancholy style  at Floyd Fest.  It comes from the Roanoke Times channel at You Tube via the paper's music reporter Tad Jenkins at his cutNscratch blog.  I've just been in touch with Tad and he's planning to write something on Reese for the paper.



"Just A Dream"

Here's video of Reese performing at the 2010 Floydfest.


Reese comments:
I was about 18 years old and I heard a song almost like “Just a Dream” and I never could get the right tone and the right sound of the verse so I made up the rest of it.  It wasn’t that version, it was another song, but it ended up what I call “Just a Dream.”
He describes the song as a "blues and a love song combined in another this video of a 1995 performance in Germany  in which his long-time partner "Louie Bluie" Armstrong, plays not fiddle, but mandolin and does back-up vocals.  Contrast these versions with those of the songwriter, "Big Bill Broonzy" performing it in the film Low Light and Blue Smoke by Belgian filmmaker Jacques Boigelot.  


And one last version, a (slightly mistitled)  video of a performance at Gary Bowlings House of Art in Bluefield, WV uploaded to YouTube in 2008.

 

"Ain't Nobody's Business If I Do"

In this video, Reese sings at Culture Fest in Pipestem in 2009.  According to Maeder he learned the song off a Billy Holiday recording. (Maybe 1951?)  For contrast, here's Bessie Smith's 1923 version and Eric Clapton's re-creation. The reference to "ham and bacon" seems to be from Jimmy Witherspoon, but Reese sings a version that talks about sharing money with his lover, rather than fighting and shooting her, that can be found there and in other versions.


"Exactly like you"

This video is from the same gig of another romantic song, according to Maeder from the 1930 Broadway production “International Revue.”  He says that Reese learned it from several 78rpm recordings by different bands.



Slippin' Around

B.B. King wrote this as “Sneakin’ Around With You.” Jon Lohman noted that Reese always sang the lyrics as "slippin' around," which I find interesting because country star Ernest Tubb used that expression in his own song about infidelity. Here is a video Reese with Chris Sutton of C and S Railroad behind the cultural center at the Vandalia Gathering which Sutton posted to YouTube in 2008.


I got that from one of BB King’s shows I saw on TV.  My grandson recorded it for me.  It’s one of the songs BB likes to sing.
Other songs not on the CD

Here's a  video of Reese in Huntington singing, "WV Blues Man" at the 2010 Diamond Teeth Mary Blues and  Arts Festival.


I love this video of  Reese performing  "Since I Fell for You"  with Phil Wiggins at the 2010 Richmond Folk Festival, when the theme was "From Maritime to Mountain Time."



My absolute favorite, though,  is Reese on mandolin in the video below performing "John Henry" with Howard "Louie Bluie" Armstrong playing an extraordinary fiddle. (Armstrong is singing and Graham Anderson is on contrabass.)


Reese talks about the move to WV and coal mining

 In this  interview with Michael Kline of Elkins, WV  (email, website),  published in Goldenseal Magazine in 1987, Reese recounts his life up until 1981. Reese had been in West Virginia since 1928, when his father moved the family to Itmann in Wyoming County because coal jobs were plentiful there.
You know how rumours go - you can shake money off the trees! So he decided he'd kind of like to shake a couple of these trees. He came out here and worked on the Virginian Railroad for about 58 years, and he still didn't find that money tree.
In early 1934, his family moved to Princeton in Mercer County, where he was living at the time of his death.

Once in Princeton,  Reese musical ranging from big-name jazz musicians to local black musicians to the country performers on radio shows such as the Grand Ole Opry. He learned to play guitar, as well as piano, organ, bass, and string harp.  After classes at Genoa High School, he'd work in the mines. As he told Kline,
Oh, I first went in about 17 or 18, somewhere along in there. I would work a while and then I would go to school, and then I'd work a while and then go to the railroad. I guess I had about eight years in the mines, something like that. I worked in a lot of small mines up this way, you know, these little one- and two-horse mines up here in Matoaka.

Back, say, in the early '40's and back in there, boy, you had to do your own shooting. You'd blow your holes, cap up your own powder, and boy, that put out a smoke and a gas that was hard to inhale. And you'd have to get that out and move that rock. Oh, you'd have to go back on that powder. You shoot it and then you take your shovel, a No. 4 shovel, and fan the smoke, to go back in there so you can hurry up and start loading, set your timber and start loading, you see.

And you had to do your own brattice work. Brattice is nothing but burlap, you've seen burlap bags. It was cut in great big sheets and you would nail it on the posts, on your timbers, and that's how you got air to the coal face where you worked. And it didn't work good. Now, I'll just tell you, it didn't work good.

Well, now they got a law, said you must have 10 years, or better, or you wouldn't have black lung. Well, two could be loading in a place, and that dust would be so bad 'till I couldn't see you over there. I know you're over there because I can hear you shoveling, but I can't see you.

And, oh my God! you cough that stuff up. I bet you the last mine I worked in, it was three years afterwards that I was still coughing up black. And I don't know how many years that it was just brown, just like I was chewing tobacco, or something. Two or three years of that is black lung. I've got it now. I passed my test for it.
A few more biographical notes

Reese played jazz and blues on Bill Farmer’s Saturday night show on radio station WHIS Bluefield and attended Bluefield State College for two years. During and after his college years, he was part of a dance band that played jazz, polkas, and blues throughout the southern coalfields.

Reese only left West Virginia to serve in the army during World War II and then in the early 1950's to work construction jobs in Michigan. He returned to West Virginia in 1959 to work for the State Road Commission and then  as a photographic silkscreen printer at Rockwell International’s aviation plant in Princeton from 1962 until 1975

Reese's discography

 According to the online WV Encyclopedia, recordings by Reese include Just a Dream and West Virginia Blues by the West Virginia Blues Man [sic].

Just a Dream



(Elkins, WV: Augusta Heritage Records, 1988)

With  with his late partner "Louie Bluie" Armstrong on fiddle and Ralph Gordon
on bass (whom you  may know from Trapezoid and Freda and the Acoustic Attitude.)
  1.  Just a dream
  2. There'll be some changes made
  3. Since I fell for you 
  4. Ain't nobody's business
  5. Hello baby
  6. You left me
  7. The preacher and the bear
  8. Darlin' I love you 
  9. Key to the highway
  10. Shanty town

West Virginia Blues Man

I could only find the mention online of this CD through an archived copy of the website for Fiddletunes out of Logan West Virginia. I'll check with Keller, who has worked on the Encyclopedia to see if he knows what happened to the company.  Here's a picture of the album cover and the tracklist:


  1. Ain't Gonna Throw This Away
  2. Don't Leave Me
  3. I Got a Sweet Little Angel
  4. Tired Of Slippin' Around
  5. It's Your Time Now (It'll Be My Time After a While)
  6. Shanty In Old Shanty Town
  7. Sick and Down
  8. The Lonesome Laundromat
  9. Since I Fell For You
  10. Ain't Nobody's Business
  11. There'll Be Some Changes Made
  12. Key To the Highway
Always Lift Him Up



Reese played "Black and Blue Blues" on this 2007 album.

Save a Seat for Me


  1. The Preacher and the Bear--George Fairman (1881-1962)  of Front Royal Virginia (audio)
  2. Just a Dream--William Lee Conley “Big Bill” Broonzy (1893-1958)
  3. Exactly Like You--Dorothy Fields and Jimmy McHugh
  4. There’ll Be Some Changes Made--Billy Higgins and W. Benton Overstreet
  5. Take My Hand, Precious Lord--Thomas Dorsey (1899-1993)
  6. Down And Out Blues--Arthur L. Sizemore
  7. ‘Tain’t Nobody’s Business If I Do--Porter Grainger and Everett Robbins
  8. Juice Headed Woman-- RL Jones of North Carolina a.k.a. “Guitar Gabriel.” (audio)
  9. Laundromat Blues Sandy Jones Jr. 
  10. I Ain’t Gonna Throw It Away--Howard Armstrong(fiddler and Reese's late performing partner)
  11. Key To The Highway-- Big Bill Broonzy 
  12. Too Many Bad Habits--Johnny Nicholas of Fredericksburg, Texas.
  13. Don’t Deceive Me (Please Don’t Go)--Chuck Willis
  14. On The Sunny Side of the Street-- Dorothy Fields and Jimmy McHugh
  15. Slippin’ Around--B.B. King
  16. Save A Seat For Me-- Clifford Driver
Honors

 Reese received the John Henry Award in 1988 and the Vandalia Award (West Virginia's highest folklife honor) in 1995.

In 2003, Reese was one of the featured performers at the Smithsonian's 37th Annual Folklife Festival on the National Mall, Washington in DC.   The Smithsonian Institution's Center for Folklife and Cultural Heritage had chosen as one of the festival's themes "Appalachia: Heritage and Harmony," in celebration of the  75th anniversary of the "Bristol Sessions."

In 2009, the West Virginia Music Hall of Fame inducted him as a member. Here's a video from the Hall of Fame which goes into greater detail than I have and includes some of his music.  At the site, there's also an audio recording of "Blues Jumped a Rabbit."



So let's  close the video section of this post with a (fuzzy) one of another performance of "Save a Seat for Me."  Below, on the occasion of his induction in the West Virginia Music Hall of Fame in Charleston, Reese performs with harmonica virtuoso--and one of my favorite musicians--Phil Wiggins (email, website). (Warning turn down the audio--the applause will deafen you if you're wearing earphones.)





Reese and Cephas and Wiggins at Augusta

Wiggins, of course, played with guitar player John Cephas, who died in 2009.  Both of them knew Reese from the annual Augusta Heritage Arts Workshops at Davis and Elkins College where they all taught.

On the liner notes for the cut of "Down And Out Blues" Reese told  Maeder that Cephas once told him at Augusta,
You got one of the most original blues voices that I ever heard in my life. There’s something about your voice that I ain’t got and a lot of these other guys ain’t got either.
Reese replied,
Well, I come from old stock and somewhere I learned something from somebody or stole something from somebody. But I got it and I’m using it!
If there's a heaven, I'll bet Reese is using that blues voice with Cephas right now...